labarai

5G ita ce fasahar sadarwa ta ƙarni na biyar, wacce galibi take da tsawon milimita, babban band mai faɗi, babban gudu, da kuma ƙarancin latency. 1G ta sami damar sadarwa ta murya ta analog, kuma babban ɗan'uwanta ba shi da allo kuma yana iya yin kiran waya kawai; 2G ta sami damar sadarwa ta murya ta dijital, kuma injin aiki yana da ƙaramin allo wanda zai iya aika saƙonnin rubutu; 3G ta sami damar sadarwa ta multimedia fiye da murya da hotuna, wanda hakan ya sa allon ya fi girma don kallon hotuna; 4G ta sami damar shiga intanet mai sauri a cikin gida, kuma manyan wayoyin komai da ruwanka na allo na iya kallon gajerun bidiyo, amma siginar tana da kyau a cikin birane kuma ba ta da kyau a yankunan karkara. 1G ~ 4G ta mai da hankali kan sadarwa mafi dacewa da inganci tsakanin mutane, yayin da 5G za ta ba da damar haɗa dukkan abubuwa a kowane lokaci, ko'ina, yana ba mutane damar yin tsammanin shiga tare da duk abubuwan da ke Duniya ta hanyar yaɗa kai tsaye ba tare da bambancin lokaci ba.

Zuwan zamanin 5G da kuma gabatar da fasahar MIMO mai girma sun haifar da yanayi uku kai tsaye a cikin ci gaban eriya ta tashar tushe ta 5G:
1) Ci gaban eriya masu aiki zuwa eriya masu aiki;
2) Mai maye gurbin mai ciyar da fiber optic;
3) RRH (kan nesa na mitar rediyo) da eriya an haɗa su kaɗan.

Tare da ci gaba da ci gaban hanyoyin sadarwa zuwa 5G, eriya masu nuni (multiplexising multiplexing space division space division), eriya masu yawa (multibeam entreatment fraction), da eriya masu yawa (multiband flow) za su zama manyan nau'ikan ci gaban eriya ta tushe a nan gaba.

Da zuwan hanyoyin sadarwa na 5G, buƙatun manyan masu aiki don hanyoyin sadarwa na wayar hannu suna canzawa koyaushe. Domin cimma cikakken ɗaukar nauyin hanyar sadarwa, ana amfani da nau'ikan eriya masu daidaita tashar tushe da yawa a fagen sadarwa ta wayar hannu. Ga eriya mai mitoci huɗu, don cimma ikon sarrafa kusurwar karkatar da wutar lantarki, a halin yanzu akwai manyan nau'ikan na'urorin sarrafa daidaitawar wutar lantarki guda uku, waɗanda suka haɗa da haɗakar masu sarrafa daidaitawar wutar lantarki guda biyu da aka gina a ciki, mai sarrafa daidaitawar wutar lantarki na mota biyu tare da tsarin canza watsawa, da kuma masu sarrafa daidaitawar wutar lantarki guda huɗu da aka gina a ciki. Ana iya ganin cewa ko da wace na'ura aka yi amfani da ita, ba za a iya raba ta da aikace-aikacen injinan eriya ba.

Babban tsarin injin eriya mai gyaran lantarki na tashar tushe injin ne mai haɗakar rage motsi wanda ya ƙunshi injin watsawa da akwatin gear mai rage gudu, wanda ke da aikin daidaita raguwa; Injin watsawa yana ba da saurin fitarwa da ƙarancin saurin juyawa, kuma akwatin gear yana da alaƙa da injin watsawa don rage saurin fitarwa na injin watsawa yayin da yake ƙara ƙarfin juyawa, cimma ingantaccen tasirin watsawa; Akwatin gear na motar eriya mai gyaran lantarki na tashar tushe yawanci yana ɗaukar sigogin fasaha na akwatin gear na mota na musamman, ƙarfi, da aiki don dacewa da abubuwan muhalli kamar muhalli, yanayi, bambancin zafin jiki, da cimma ingantaccen tasirin watsawa da buƙatun rayuwar sabis.